Autonity Historical Series · E-05 · Monetary Design

ACU Currency Basket:
SDR-Method Valuation

The Auton Currency Unit (ACU) was Autonity's basket-pegged reference currency. It tracked a fixed-quantity basket of seven major currencies using the same methodology the IMF uses for the Special Drawing Right (SDR): fixed amounts, floating daily weights.

ACU was a design reference for USDZ, the AFP's primary settlement token. The basket mechanic is presented here for educational record. Not financial advice.

Historical · Autonity Design Educational Interactive basket calculator
01 · The SDR method

Fixed amounts, floating weights

The IMF's Special Drawing Right (SDR) is the canonical basket currency. Its value is computed daily by multiplying each constituent currency's fixed amount by that currency's USD exchange rate, then summing. The basket amounts are set by the IMF every five years; the weights drift daily as exchange rates move.

Autonity adopted exactly this methodology for the ACU. Seven currencies received fixed amounts at basket inception. Each day, the ACU index value in USD was computed as the sum of (fixed amount × USD rate) across all seven currencies. Each currency's weight at any moment was its contribution to that sum — not a fixed target.

Why fixed amounts, not fixed weights?

If you fix a currency's weight (say, "EUR = 30% of the basket"), you have to rebalance the basket every day as exchange rates move. This requires a transaction, a cost, and a discretionary choice. If you fix the amount (say, "EUR = 0.143 in the basket"), no rebalancing is ever needed — the weight simply drifts. The SDR has used this method since 1974. Autonity's ACU uses it for the same reason: the basket is stable by construction, not by intervention.

02 · The ACU basket constituents

Seven currencies at fixed amounts

The ACU basket used amounts specified at scale 105 (i.e., divide by 100,000 for the actual amount per unit of ACU). The seven constituents and their fixed amounts were:

Currency Code Amount (raw ×105) Actual Amount Basis
AUD Australian Dollar AUD 21,300 0.21300 G10 trade weight
CAD Canadian Dollar CAD 18,700 0.18700 G10 trade weight
EUR Euro EUR 14,300 0.14300 SDR EUR component
GBP British Pound GBP 10,400 0.10400 SDR GBP component
JPY Japanese Yen JPY 1,760,000 17.60000 SDR JPY component
USD US Dollar USD 18,000 0.18000 SDR USD component
SEK Swedish Krona SEK 141,000 1.41000 Nordic inclusion

JPY has a much larger raw amount because the yen is denominated in small units per dollar. The actual USD contribution from JPY is comparable to the other currencies once multiplied by the USD/JPY exchange rate.

03 · Formula reference

Computing the index and weights

// ACU index value in USD
index_usd = Σ (fixed_amount_i × usd_rate_i)

// fixed_amount_i = raw_amount_i / 100000
// usd_rate_i = how many USD per 1 unit of currency i (direct quote)
// e.g. AUD/USD = 0.6500 means 1 AUD = 0.65 USD
// for JPY: JPY/USD = 0.0065 means 1 JPY = 0.0065 USD

// Daily weight for currency i (not fixed — recomputed from live rates)
weight_i = (fixed_amount_i × usd_rate_i) / index_usd × 100 // as %
04 · Interactive basket calculator

Recompute the ACU index from live-ish rates

Enter today's USD rates for each currency. The calculator derives the ACU index value and the floating weight of each constituent. Use the presets to see how rate movements shift weights.

🔒 All inputs are processed locally in your browser. No data is transmitted. Do not enter real personal data — use synthetic or anonymised inputs only.
Preset Scenarios
USD Rates (1 currency unit = ? USD)
e.g. 0.650
e.g. 0.730
e.g. 1.085
e.g. 1.265
e.g. 0.00659 (1/151.7)
Always 1.000
e.g. 0.0953 (1/10.49)
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ACU Index (USD)
Floating Weights
05 · ACU and the IMF SDR today

The basket method in live production

The IMF SDR basket currently contains five currencies: USD, EUR, CNY, JPY, GBP. Weights are recomputed daily from fixed amounts — exactly the ACU method. The SDR basket composition is reviewed and reset every five years (last reset: August 2022). The ACU basket added AUD, CAD, and SEK; it excluded CNY.

Multi-currency basket stablecoins remain an active research area. The BIS Innovation Hub, Project mBridge, and several CBDC interoperability proposals have explored basket structures similar to the ACU. None have shipped at production scale yet. The ACU was a working testbed.

Live equivalents

IMF SDR — 5-currency basket, recomputed daily, used for IMF lending and reserve accounting. Project mBridge mCBDC — multi-CBDC bridge that explored basket settlement. Libra / Diem (2019–2022) — Facebook's proposed multi-currency basket stablecoin; abandoned under regulatory pressure. The ACU predated all of these as a live on-chain implementation.